Strategy to Enhance Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Care Practices in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to design a comprehensive strategy aimed at enhancing the level of knowledge, attitudes, and self-care practices among patients with type 2 diabetes treated at Dr. Ángel Contreras Mejía Provincial Hospital, Monte Plata. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing a descriptive, cross-sectional, and non-experimental design. Findings revealed that, although most patients demonstrated positive attitudes toward self-care and physical activity, a significant gap persists between these attitudes and the effective implementation of healthy practices in daily life. Moreover, insufficient knowledge regarding the disease and its management was identified, limiting the adoption of appropriate behaviors for controlling and preventing complications. In response to these findings, an integrated strategy was developed, comprising educational workshops, nutritional counseling sessions, practical training in the use of medical devices, digital information campaigns, and emotional support groups. All components were designed to strengthen knowledge, foster favorable attitudes, and consolidate effective self-care practices. The strategy was positively evaluated by specialists, who emphasized its relevance, coherence, and clinical applicability, particularly highlighting its participatory and multidisciplinary approach. It was concluded that, while patients exhibit encouraging attitudes, reinforcing knowledge and providing continuous support are essential to achieve effective and sustained self-care, thereby reducing the risk of complications associated with type 2 diabetes.